Tourists visit a part of Hashima Island, commonly known as Gunkanjima, which means “battleship island,” off Nagasaki
Of countless ghostly abandoned factories and mines in Japan, this fortress island near Nagasaki is among the most notorious. It is also a source of national pride.
Gunkanjima, or Battleship Island, is one of 23 old industrial facilities seeking UNESCO’s recognition as world heritage “Sites of Japan’s Meiji Industrial Revolution” meant to illustrate Japan’s rapid transformation from a feudal farming society into an industrial power at the end of the 19th century.
UNESCO’s World Heritage Committee is expected to approve the proposal during a meeting being held in Bonn, Germany, through July 9 after Japan and South Korea informally agreed on a promise to acknowledge, though it is unclear how, that Koreans were among the people who toiled at Gunkanjima and some other sites. The compromise also includes an agreement by Japan to support South Korean proposals for some world heritage site listings.
Japan’s bid for UNESCO recognition is confined to the 1968-1912 era of the Meiji Emperor, who presided over the country’s rush to industrialize and catch up with Western colonial powers. It excludes the years that followed, when Japan annexed Korea and eventually invaded China and other parts of Asia before and during World War II.
The proposal makes no mention of the grim interlude when, toward the war’s end, tens of thousands of Koreans, and also Chinese and foreign prisoners of war were forced to toil under dire conditions in Japanese factories and mines.
But both the government and most Japanese companies have insisted that post-war reparations have left them with no further responsibility to apologize or compensate for those abuses.
Plans to acknowledge the wartime forced labor in what originally was meant to be just a “feel good” approach to history could help alleviate friction with Japan’s neighbors, said Andrew Gordon, a historian at Harvard University.
But, he added, “It’s not just forced labor.
“There’s terrible working conditions, and there’s strikes and there’s a whole social history that’s part of it, and if it’s just going to be glossed over, left as a footnote or even left out, then that’s an equally big problem,” he said.
Joo Seok-Bong, 90, was put to work in 1943 at the Yawata steel mill in northern Kyushu, shoveling coal and doing other menial labor.
“I was always starving since I received very little food. During that time, we were most terrified of dying from bombardment, but I suffered from hunger the most,” said Joo, who nonetheless said he believed he and other Koreans got better treatment than the POWs.
Joo is among former Korean laborers who are suing Nippon Steel & Sumitomo Metal Corp., the company that now owns the steel works, seeking his unpaid wages and an apology.
“The world has changed, but this company refuses to reflect on its past deeds,” he said.
For Gunkanjima native Doutoku Sakamoto and others who grew up in the industrious but peaceful years after the war, they know little of that history. But acknowledging that times were hard for everyone does not preclude conveying the history of the wartime years and those abuses, he says.
“It’s good that we are not avoiding this history. It’s important that it be included. This was the first area where Asia began to copy the West and modernize. And then we brought people from China, Russia, Korea, I’m not too clear about that, but that history has to be clearly conveyed,” he said.
“It’s not so much a matter of victims as of facing up to history,” he said. Elaine Kurtenbach, Gunkanjima, AP
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