Energy | China turns a glut of oil into a flood of diesel swamping Asia

Fuel producers from India to South Korea are finding that rising refined products from China are cutting the profit margins they’ve enjoyed from cheap oil to the lowest in more than a year. Worse may be coming.
China’s total net exports of oil products – a measure that strips out imports – will rise 31 percent this year to 25 million metric tons, China National Petroleum Corp., the country’s biggest energy company, said in its annual research report last month. That comes after diesel exports jumped almost 75 percent last year.
“If China dumps more fuel into the market, international prices will crash,” said B.K. Namdeo, director of refineries at India’s state-run Hindustan Petroleum Corp. “It will be similar to what happened to crude prices due to the oversupply. If international prices of oil products come down, then it will hurt margins of all refiners.”
A common measure of refining profitability in Asia – the margin from turning Middle East benchmark Dubai grade into fuels including diesel and gasoline in the regional trading hub of Singapore – slid this week to the lowest level since October 2014, adding to mounting evidence that China’s exports are weighing on Asian processors.
Singapore Dubai cracking margins have averaged USD1.92 a barrel so far this year, down from $3.96 during the last quarter of 2015, research firm Energy Aspects Ltd. said in a Feb. 8 report. Profits are expected to average $3 a barrel during the first quarter of this year, down 32 percent from the same period last year, it said in the note.
CNPC, as China’s biggest energy company is known, predicts the country’s refineries will increase output this year after the government started giving licenses to independent refiners – those known as teapots – to ship their products abroad. South Korea’s biggest processor says the flood will probably weaken margins and Taiwan’s Formosa Petrochemical Corp. sees it as a “risk factor.”
“The pressure on the regional market is getting stronger and stronger,” said Lin Keh-Yen, a spokesman for Formosa Petrochemical. “China is exporting sizable volumes of oil products now.”
China shipped a record amount of diesel, kerosene and gasoline abroad last year and for the first time exported more products than it imported amid the slowest economic expansion in 25 years. Its crude purchases increased to a record in 2015 as the world’s second-biggest oil consumer sought to fill its strategic oil reserve and the government allowed those teapots to buy foreign supplies. Refineries will increase oil processing by 5.3 percent, while net crude imports rise 7.3 percent to 357 million tons, according to CNPC.
“As the Chinese economy is slowing down, there has been more diesel exports,” Lee Yun Hi, head of the corporate planning office at South Korea’s SK Innovation Corp., said on the company’s earnings call on Feb. 3. “It’s a situation we are closely monitoring.”
The teapot refiners, clustered around the eastern Chinese province of Shandong, will account for the bulk of the increase in oil processing this year as the country’s bigger state-­owned processors decrease output, CNPC said in its report.
“China’s fuel glut is in its worst shape,” Dai Jiaquan, director of CNPC’s oil market department, said last month. “This is mainly due to weak demand and fast growth of refining projects in recent years.”
The country’s commerce ministry has issued more than 1.8 million barrels a day of export quotas for the first quarter, more than double in the same period last year, analysts at Barclays Plc including Miswin Mahesh said in a report Feb. 5. The bulk of the increase is coming from diesel, which is up almost sixfold from the first three months of 2015, they said. With the local market set to remain weak, there’s potential for exports increasing this year, according to the bank.
“Chinese domestic incentives to export refined fuel, if they run out of product inventory storage, could lead to discounted products and would be competitive with refined product exports from India and South Korea,” Mahesh said Wednesday in an interview. Heesu Lee, Debjit Chakraborty & Winnie Zhu, Bloomberg