The biggest oil traders, feeling the squeeze in a world awash with crude ,are seeking an edge by offering tailor-made cargoes in an offshore megastore.
By selling bespoke from a fleet of ships anchored off Singapore and Malaysia, the likes of Vitol Group, Trafigura Group, Glencore Plc and Gunvor Group are seeking to lure buyers who are becoming more demanding. With crude from the U.S. to Africa and Europe stored in their tankers, the traders can mix and match oil of differing quality and characteristics to offer made-to-measure cargoes that meet their customers’ niche specifications.
As a glut that’s pummeled crude over the past three years persists and waning price volatility reduces opportunities to profit, traders are contending with increased competition and smaller margins. Now, they are leveraging their global network to source a variety of oils to be shipped to Southeast Asia on very large crude carriers. Then, the cargoes are divvied up, blended if needed, and transferred into smaller tankers to make customized packages.
“These floating vessels allow traders to sell cargoes in smaller parcels which can help when refineries are processing crude for the first time, or when local jetties cannot take in larger vessels,” said Nevyn Nah, a Singapore-based analyst at industry consultant Energy Aspects Ltd. “It also allows sellers to blend different grades to meet specific quality requirements.”
Grades such as Eagle Ford from the U.S., Algeria’s Saharan Blend, North Sea’s Ekofisk and Venezuela’s Diluted Crude Oil have been offered from tankers in the Straits of Malacca, in addition to Australia’s Van Gogh and Oman oil, according to a Bloomberg poll of five refiners and traders involved in the region’s activity. The waters off Singapore and Malaysia are ideal for setting up shop because they’re a gateway to key nations including China, the top energy user, and India, where demand is growing fastest.
At least 15 such vessels are currently floating in the region – all VLCCs with the capacity to carry 2 million barrels of oil each, according to the survey and ship-tracking data compiled by Bloomberg.
The amount of oil stored in tankers reached a 2017 high of 111.9 million barrels last month, according to Paris-based tracking company Kpler SAS. Traders thrived in 2015 and 2016 by taking advantage of the glut that led to a strong “contango” – when contracts for later delivery trade higher than near-term prices. That market structure allowed them to buy oil cheap, store it and benefit later by locking in their profit through derivatives in so-called “cash-and-carry” deals.
Now, there are doubts over whether such trades will be profitable.
Chronic oversupply in global oil and petroleum markets coupled with low price volatility “reduced profitable opportunities for trading,” Trafigura Chief Executive Officer Jeremy Weir said last month, when the third-largest independent oil trader reported a 22 percent drop in first-half profit.
The latest storage strategy means the traders are less beholden to the vagaries of futures prices. At the request of buyers, they can supply as little as 200,000 barrels of oil from tankers for delivery in Asia within a week. That’s attractive for refiners looking to purchase trial cargoes of new grades, crude on smaller vessels, or barrels that are needed in a relatively short time.
Without the floating stores in Asia, getting such smaller shipments from farther away, including the U.S., Europe and Africa, would probably be too expensive for refiners due to high freight costs.
“It caters to smaller and mid-sized refiners who may have capacity or infrastructure constraints and who may be motivated to manage their inventories very closely,” said John Driscoll, the chief strategist at JTD Energy Services Pte. “With the vessels, there is readily available supply without shipping or transit times that can suit a unique requirement.” MDT/Bloomberg
